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Evidence

The research

Every answer here carries a rating for how much the literature actually supports it. Most relationship questions score limited or contested, and that is not us hedging. It is the honest state of the field.

Strong evidence
Multiple independent studies, including replications or meta-analyses, point the same way.
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Moderate evidence
Several studies support this, but samples are limited or findings vary by population.
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Limited evidence
Early, small, or single-study evidence. Treat this as a reasonable hypothesis, not a settled fact.
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Contested
Credible researchers disagree, or the evidence points in conflicting directions.
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Best supported

Where the evidence is strongest

Genuinely open

Where credible researchers disagree